present perfect  



Gramática
The present perfect tells us what has or
has not happened. It is formed using the formula
below:

present indicative of haber
+
past participle of verb
=
present perfect

The past participle is formed with the stem
of the verb plus:
ado - for -ar verbs
ido - for -er and -ir verbs

hablar ---> hablado (spoken)
comer ---> comido (eaten)
vivir ---> vivido (lived)
estudiar ---> estudiado (studied)
poder ---> podido (been able)

Present perfect for vivir (to live)

yo he vivido (I have lived) nosotros (as) hemos vivido (we have lived)
tú has vivido (you have lived) vosotros (as) habéis vivido (you guys have lived)
él/ella/ Ud. ha vivido (he/she has lived, you have lived) ellos/ellas/Uds. han vivido (you all/they have lived)

Present perfect for hablar (to speak)

yo he hablado (I have spoken) nosotros (as) hemos hablado (we have spoken)
tú has hablado (you have spoken) vosotros (as) habéis hablado (you guys have spoken)
él/ella/ Ud. ha hablado (he/she has spoken, you have spoken) ellos/ellas/Uds. han hablado (you all/they have spoken)

Present perfect for comer (to eat)

yo he comido (I have eaten) nosotros (as) hemos comido (we have eaten)
tú has comido (you have eaten) vosotros (as) habéis comido (you guys have eaten)
él/ella/ Ud. ha comido (he/she has spoken, you have eaten) ellos/ellas/Uds. han comido (you all/they have eaten)

Sentences

¿Has hablado con el profesor? - Have you spoken with the teacher?
Los muchachos han hablado con el profesor. - The boys have spoken with the teacher.
Ella ha hablado con su padre. - She has talked with her father.
Nosotros hemos hablado con el maestro sobre el examén. - We have talked with the professor about the exam.
¿Han hablado ustedes con sus hijos sobre el viaje? - Have you spoken with your children about the trip.
Ellos han hablado con el alcalde sobre el proyecto. - The have talked with the mayor about the project.
Juan ha hablado con su novia acerca del matrimonio. - John has talked with his girlfriend about marriage.
¿Usted ha hablado (hablar) con el señor Pérez? - Have you talked with Mr. Perez?

Sentences
Yo he comido sandía todos los domingos desde hace cinco años. - I have eaten watermelon every Sunday for five years.
Tú has comido en la casa de tu abuela todas las noches. - You have eaten in your grandmother's house every night.
Ella ha comido con su novio en un restaurante muy bonito. - She has eaten with her boyfriend in a very pretty restaurant.
Nosotros hemos comido un pollo delicioso. - We have eaten a delicious chicken.
Usted ha comido frijoles todas las mañanas. - You have eaten beans every morning.
¿Has comido en este restaurante? - Have you eaten in this restaurant?

Sentences
Juan ha vivido en Chicago toda su vida. - John has lived in Chicago all his life.
Yo he vivido en muchos países. - I have lived in many countries.
¿Has vivido en Paris? - Have you lived in Paris?
¿Han ellos vivido en el campo? - Have they lived in the country?
Nosotros hemos vivido en esta calle desde hace mucho tiempo. - We have lived on this street for a long time.

Sentences
¿Has estudiado la lección? - Have you studied the lesson?
¿Han estudiado la lección ustedes? - Have you all studied the lesson?
Las muchachas han estudiado la lección. - The girls have studied the lesson.
Yo he estudiado para el examén de mañana. - I have studied for tomorrow's exam.
Tú has estudiado mucho la historía de Tikal. - You have studies the history of Tikal a lot.
Ellos han estudiado la materia a profundidad. - They have studied the material in depth.

Sentences
¿Has podido hacer el trabajo? - Have you been able to do the work?
¿Has podido estudiar la lección? - Have you been able to study the lesson?
¿Cuántos libros has podido leer este año? - How many books have you been able to read this year?
Yo he podido leer el periódico todas las tardes. - I have been able to read the newspaper every afternoon.
Ellas han podido ir de compras. - They have been able to go shopping.
Nosotros hemos podido comer algo delicioso. - We have been able to eat something delicious.


Notes for the Tutor

  • The student should repeat these sentences to practice vocabulary and improve pronunciation.
  • The tutor should help the student form his or her own sentences.
  • Suggested Homework:The student should prepare 10 sentences or more using the PRESENT PERFECT. Other verbs that the student should practice with are JUGAR, DAR, and APRENDER.

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