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59. Uses of the Preterit Perfect of the Subjunctive
(English)
This lesson includes
information on:
- Uses of the Present Perfect
Subjunctive
- Related Vocabulary
1. Uses of the Present Perfect Subjunctive
The present perfect
subjunctive form is used to express an action that already happened with verbs
that express emotion, desire, doubt, and with impersonal expressions of
emotion, doubt, negation and desire.
Some verbs of emotion used
with the Present Perfect Subjunctive are:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Alegrarse |
To be
happy |
|
Sentir |
To feel |
|
Tener |
To have |
|
Odiar |
To hate |
|
Tener miedo de |
To fear |
|
Lamentar |
To lament |
|
Gustar |
To like |
|
Preocupar |
To be
preoccupied |
|
Interesar |
To
interest |
|
Extrañar |
To miss |
|
Sorprender |
To
surprise |
|
Parecer bien |
To
appear/seem well |
|
Parecer mal |
To
appear/seem bad |
Some verbs of desire used
with the Present Perfect Subjunctive are:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Desear |
To desire |
|
Esperar |
To
want/hope for |
Some verbs of doubt used
with the Present Perfect Subjunctive are:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Dudar |
To doubt |
|
Creer |
To
think/believe |
|
Pensar |
To think |
|
Sospechar |
To
suspect |
|
Suponer |
To
suppose |
The subjunctive is formed
with two clauses:
·
the
main clause
·
the
dependent clause
Generally
these clauses use the connecting word que.
The two subjects of the
same sentence must be different.
·
The
main clause should be in the indicative form: present indicative and future
indicative.
·
The
dependent clause should be in the subjunctive form: present perfect
subjunctive.
For example:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Es una lastima que hayas salido temprano. |
It is a
shame that you have left early. |
|
Espero que hayas cumplido la tarea. |
I hope
that you have completed the homework. |
2.
Related Vocabulary
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Es urgente |
It's
urgent |
|
Es conveniente |
It's
convenient |
|
Más vale |
It's
worth more |
|
Es preferible |
It's
preferable |
|
Vale la pena |
It's
worth it |
|
Ojala |
Hopefully |
|
Conviene |
It's
suitable that |
|
Parecer mentira |
It
appears to be a lie that |
|
Puede ser |
It can be
|
|
Es increíble |
It's
incredible |
|
Es difícil |
It's
difficult |
|
Es probable |
It's
probable |
|
Es posible |
It's
possible |
|
Es dudoso |
It's
doubtful |
|
Tal vez |
Maybe |
|
Es lamentable |
It's
regrettable |
|
Es sorprendente |
It's
surprising |
|
Es interesante |
It's
interesting |
|
Es una lastima |
It's a
shame |
|
Es fácil |
It's easy |
|
No es cierto |
It's not
right/correct |
|
No es claro |
It's not
obvious/clear |
|
No es verdad |
It's not
true |
|
No es lógico |
It's not
logical |
|
No es evidente |
It's not
evident |
|
No es obvio |
It's not
obvious |
|
No es seguro |
It's not
certain |
|
La barbilla |
Chin |
|
La muñeca |
Wrist |
|
El nudillo |
Knuckle |
|
La uña |
Fingernail |
|
El dedo pulgar |
Thumb |
|
El dedo índice |
Index
finger |
|
El dedo medio |
Middle
finger |
|
El dedo anular |
Ring
finger |
|
El dedo meñique |
Little
finger |
|
La palma |
Palm |
|
La frente |
Forehead |
|
La patilla |
Sideburn |
|
El orificio nasal |
Nostril |
|
La mandíbula |
Jaw |
|
La barba |
Beard |
|
El bigote |
Mustache |
|
La ceja |
Eyebrow |
|
El párpado |
Eyelid |
|
Las pestañas |
Eyelashes |
|
El iris |
Iris |
|
La pupila |
Pupil |
|
El empeine |
Instep |
|
La yema del dedo |
Ball (of
foot) |
|
El dedo gordo del pie |
Big toe |
|
El dedo del pie |
Toe |
|
El dedo pequeño del pie |
Little
toe |
|
La uña del dedo del pie |
Toenail |
|
El cerebro |
Brain |
|
La espina dorsal |
Spinal
cord |
|
La garganta |
Throat |
|
La tráquea |
Windpipe |
|
El esófago |
Esophagus |
|
El músculo |
Muscle |
|
El pulmón |
Lung |
|
El corazón |
Heart |
|
El hígado |
Liver |
|
El estómago |
Stomach |
|
Los intestinos |
Intestines |
|
La vena |
Vein |
|
La arteria |
Artery |
|
El riñón |
Kidney |
|
El páncreas |
Pancreas |
|
La vejiga |
Bladder |