work space
Advanced III
58. Preterit Perfect of the Subjunctive, Formation
(English)
This lesson
includes information on:
- Present Perfect Subjunctive
Tense Formation of Regular Verbs
- Related Vocabulary
1. Present Perfect Subjunctive Tense Formation of
Regular Verbs
The Present
Perfect Subjunctive Tense is used to express:
·
Uncertainty. For example, Dudará que hayamos terminado el trabajo.
(She/He will doubt that
we have finished the work.)
·
Feelings. For example, Me alegro que te hayas graduado. (I am happy that you have graduated.)
In Spanish
as in English we have the present perfect subjunctive tense. The present perfect subjunctive is formed
with two clauses:
·
the
main clause;
·
the
dependent clause
Generally these clauses are united with the conjunction que. For example, Espero que hayas practicado el piano. (I hope that you have practiced the piano.)
The two
subjects of the same sentence should be different.
·
The
main clause should be conjugated in the indicative form: present and
future.
·
The
dependent clause should be conjugated in the subjunctive form: present perfect
subjunctive.
The
formation of the present perfect subjunctive tense requires the present
subjunctive tense of the verb haber + the past participle. The
formation of the present tense of haber is:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To Have |
|
Yo |
Haya |
I have |
|
Tú |
Hayas |
You have |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Haya |
You
(formal)/He/She has |
|
Nosotros |
Hayamos |
We have |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Hayan |
You
(plural) have/They have |
For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Hablar |
To Speak |
|
Yo |
Haya hablado |
I have
spoken |
|
Tú |
Hayas hablado |
You have
spoken |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Haya hablado |
You
(formal)/He/She has spoken |
|
Nosotros |
Hayamos hablado |
We have
spoken |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Hayan hablado |
You
(plural)/They have spoken |
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Comer |
To Eat |
|
Yo |
Haya comido |
I have
eaten |
|
Tú |
Hayas comido
|
You have
eaten |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Haya comido |
You
(formal)/He/She has eaten |
|
Nosotros |
Hayamos comido
|
We have
eaten |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Hayan comido
|
You
(plural)/They have eaten |
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Vivir |
To Live |
|
Yo |
Haya vivido |
I have
lived |
|
Tú |
Hayas vivido
|
You have
lived |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Haya vivido |
You
(formal)/He/She has lived |
|
Nosotros |
Hayamos vivido
|
We have
lived |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Hayan vivido
|
You
(plural)/They have lived |
2.
Related Vocabulary
|
Spanish |
English |
|
La construcción |
Construction |
|
La viga |
Rafter |
|
Las tejas |
Shingles |
|
El nivel |
Level |
|
El casco |
Hard hat |
|
El constructor |
Builder |
|
Los planos |
Blueprints |
|
El andamiaje |
Scaffolding |
|
La escalera |
Ladder |
|
El escalón |
Rung |
|
El cemento |
Cement |
|
El cimiento |
Foundation |
|
Los ladrillos |
Bricks |
|
El pico |
Pickax |
|
El trabajador de construcción |
Construction
worker |
|
La pala |
Shovel |
|
La tabla |
Board |
|
El operario que repara la línea |
Linesman |
|
La grúa con plataforma movible |
Cherry
picker |
|
El cono preventivo |
Cone |
|
El banderín |
Flag |
|
La barricada |
Barricade |
|
El martillo perforador |
Jackhammer |
|
La carretilla |
Wheelbarrow |
|
El muro central |
Center
divider |
|
La mezcladora de cemento |
Cement
mixer |
|
La pala mecánica |
Backhoe |
|
La excavadora |
Bulldozer |