Regular, Irregular and Stem-changing Verbs - Verbos Regulares e Irregulares y de Cambio
Advanced III
56.
Regular,
Irregular and Stem-changing Verbs (English)
There are 6
verbs that don’t follow the same conjugation rules in the present subjunctive
tense:
|
Dar |
Estar |
|
Saber |
Haber |
|
Ser |
Ir |
This lesson
includes information on:
- Present Subjunctive Tense
Formation of Irregular Verbs
- Related Vocabulary
1.
Present Subjunctive Tense Formation of Irregular Verbs
The Present
Subjunctive Tense is used to express:
·
Uncertainty. For example, No creo que regresen esta noche. (I don’t think they will return tonight.)
·
Feelings. For example, Se alegra que venga su amiga. (She is happy that her friend is coming.)
·
Desires. For example, Quiero que tengas un buen viaje. (I want you to have a good trip.)
·
Hypothetical
Situations. For example, Quizás visite este
domingo. (Perhaps he is visiting
this Sunday.)
There are
some verbs that are irregular and stem-changing in the subjunctive form. Use the same formula for the formation of the
subjunctive by using the first person singular of the present indicative form.
For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Caber |
Quepa |
To fit |
|
Caer |
Caiga |
To fall |
|
Conocer |
Conozca |
To know |
|
Construir |
Construya |
To construct |
|
Decir |
Diga |
To tell |
|
Hacer |
Haga |
To do/to make |
|
Tener |
Tenga |
To have |
|
Traer |
Traiga |
To bring |
|
Venir |
Venga |
To come |
|
Ver |
Vea |
To see |
|
Nacer |
Nazca |
To be born |
|
Oír |
Oiga |
To hear |
|
Poner |
Ponga |
To put |
|
Salir |
Salga |
To leave |
If it is
irregular in the first person indicative, it is irregular in the subjunctive.
With the stem-changing verbs in the
subjunctive form, the rule indicates that we take the first person of the
preterit tense of the verbs with the endings car, gar, and zar and
remove the accent mark.
For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
|
Pagué |
Pague |
|
Busqué |
Busque |
|
Crucé |
Cruce |
In order to
maintain the sound of the letters g, gu, and c, we have
to change the g to j, the gu to g, and the c to z
in the subjunctive form.
For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
|
Escoges |
Escojas |
|
Siguen |
Sigan |
|
Convence |
Convenza |
- Dar
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Dar |
To Give |
|
Yo |
Dé |
I give |
|
Tú |
Des |
You give |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Dé |
You
(formal)/He/She give |
|
Nosotros |
Demos |
We give |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Den |
You
(plural) give/They give |
- Estar
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Estar |
To Be |
|
Yo |
Esté |
I am |
|
Tú |
Estés |
You are |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Esté |
You
(formal)/He/She is |
|
Nosotros |
Estemos |
We are |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Estén |
You
(plural) are/They are |
- Haber
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To Have |
|
Yo |
Haya |
I have |
|
Tú |
Hayas |
You have |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Haya |
You
(formal)/He/She have |
|
Nosotros |
Hayamos |
We have |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Hayan |
You
(plural) have/They have |
- Ir
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive:
Ir |
To Go |
|
Yo |
Vaya |
I go |
|
Tú |
Vayas |
You go |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Vaya |
You
(formal)/He/She goes |
|
Nosotros |
Vayamos |
We go |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Vayan |
You
(plural) go/They go |
- Saber
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive:
Saber |
To Know |
|
Yo |
Sepa |
I know |
|
Tú |
Sepas |
You know |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Sepa |
You
(formal)/He/She knows |
|
Nosotros |
Sepamos |
We know |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Sepan |
You
(plural) know/They know |
- Ser
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive:
Ser |
To Be |
|
Yo |
Sea |
I am |
|
Tú |
Seas |
You are |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Sea |
You
(formal)/He/She is |
|
Nosotros |
Seamos |
We are |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Sean |
You
(plural) are/They are |
2.
Related Vocabulary
|
Spanish |
English |
|
La granja |
Farm |
|
El rancho |
Ranch |
|
La granja lechera |
Dairy
Farm |
|
La huerta |
Orchard |
|
El árbol frutal |
Fruit
tree |
|
La casa de granja |
Farmhouse |
|
El silo |
Silo |
|
El granero |
Barn |
|
El pastizal |
Pasture |
|
El granjero |
Farmer |
|
El corral |
Barnyard |
|
La cerca |
Fence |
|
La vaca lechera |
Dairy cow |
|
El ganado |
Livestock |
|
El bulto de paja |
Bale of
hay |
|
El trinche |
Pitchfork |
|
El tractor |
Tractor |
|
El trigal |
Wheat Field |
|
La segadora trilladora |
Combine |
|
El surco |
Row |
|
El espantapájaros |
Scarecrow |
|
La granja de trigo |
Wheat
farm |
|
La manada de ganado |
Herd of
cattle |
|
El vaquero |
Cowboy |
|
La vaquera |
Cowgirl |
|
El corral |
Corral |
|
El bebedero |
Trough |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56.
Verbos Regulares e Irregulares y de Cambio (en
español)
Hay 6 verbos que no siguen la misma regla para la
formación del subjuntivo presente:
|
Dar |
Estar |
|
Saber |
Haber |
|
Ser |
Ir |
Esta lección incluye información sobre:
- La
Formación del Tiempo Subjuntivo Presente de los Verbos Irregulares
- Vocabulario Relacionado
1. La Formación del Tiempo Subjuntivo Presente
de los Verbos Irregulares
El tiempo subjuntivo presente es usado para expresar:
- Lo
que es probable o posible. Por
ejemplo, No creo que regresen esta
noche.
- Emociones. Por ejemplo, Se alegra que venga su amiga.
- Esperanzas. Por ejemplo, Quiero que tengas un buen viaje.
- Situaciones
hipotéticas. Por ejemplo, Quizás visite este domingo.
Hay algunos verbos que son irregulares y de cambio en el
subjuntivo. Tomamos la primera persona
singular del presente de indicativo.
Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Caber |
Quepa |
To fit |
|
Caer |
Caiga |
To fall |
|
Conocer |
Conozca |
To know |
|
Construir |
Construya |
To construct |
|
Decir |
Diga |
To tell |
|
Hacer |
Haga |
To do/to make |
|
Tener |
Tenga |
To have |
|
Traer |
Traiga |
To bring |
|
Venir |
Venga |
To come |
|
Ver |
Vea |
To see |
|
Nacer |
Nazca |
To be born |
|
Oír |
Oiga |
To hear |
|
Poner |
Ponga |
To put |
|
Salir |
Salga |
To leave |
Si es irregular en la primera persona del indicativo, es
irregular en el subjuntivo.
Con los verbos de cambio en el subjuntivo la regla indica
que tomamos la primera persona del pretérito de los verbos con la terminación car, gar, y zar y le quitamos la tilde.
Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
|
Pagué |
Pague |
|
Busqué |
Busque |
|
Crucé |
Cruce |
Para mantener el sonido de las
letras g, gu, y c, tenemos que cambiar la g
a j, la gu a g, y la c a z
en el subjuntivo.
Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
|
Escoges |
Escojas |
|
Siguen |
Sigan |
|
Convence |
Convenza |
- Dar
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Dar |
To Give |
|
Yo |
Dé |
I give |
|
Tú |
Des |
You give |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Dé |
You
(formal)/He/She give |
|
Nosotros |
Demos |
We give |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Den |
You
(plural) give/They give |
- Estar
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Estar |
To Be |
|
Yo |
Esté |
I am |
|
Tú |
Estés |
You are |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Esté |
You
(formal)/He/She is |
|
Nosotros |
Estemos |
We are |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Estén |
You
(plural) are/They are |
- Haber
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Haber |
To Have |
|
Yo |
Haya |
I have |
|
Tú |
Hayas |
You have |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Haya |
You
(formal)/He/She have |
|
Nosotros |
Hayamos |
We have |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Hayan |
You
(plural) have/They have |
- Ir
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo:
Ir |
To Go |
|
Yo |
Vaya |
I go |
|
Tú |
Vayas |
You go |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Vaya |
You
(formal)/He/She goes |
|
Nosotros |
Vayamos |
We go |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Vayan |
You
(plural) go/They go |
- Saber
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo:
Saber |
To Know |
|
Yo |
Sepa |
I know |
|
Tú |
Sepas |
You know |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Sepa |
You
(formal)/He/She knows |
|
Nosotros |
Sepamos |
We know |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Sepan |
You
(plural) know/They know |
- Ser
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo:
Ser |
To Be |
|
Yo |
Sea |
I am |
|
Tú |
Seas |
You are |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Sea |
You
(formal)/He/She is |
|
Nosotros |
Seamos |
We are |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Sean |
You
(plural) are/They are |