Stem-changing & Irregular Verbs - Verbos de cambio e irregulares
When "regular verbs" are conjugated the ending changes and the front part (a.k.a. stem or root) doesn’t change. When "stem-changing verbs" are conjugated the stem changes. Most stem-changing verbs follow a few rules when conjugated, however, there are some verbs that don't follow a consistent rule when they are conjugated, and these are called, "irregular verbs".
This lesson includes information on:
- Stem-Changing Verbs
- Irregular Verbs
- Related Vocabulary
Fortunately, most stem-changing verbs follow a few rules when they are conjugated.
- Change the "e" to "ie" in the stem. However, the subject "nosotros"
is conjugated as a regular verb. For example:
Here is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:Spanish
Spanish
English
Subject Infinitive: Pensar To Think
Yo
pienso
I think
Tú piensas
You think Usted/él/ella piensa
You (formal)/He/She thinks
Nosotros pensamos
We think Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas piensan
You (plural)/They think
Spanish English
Cerrar To close Calentar To warm Comenzar To begin Pensar To think Perder To lose Gobernar To govern Negar To deny Quebrar To break Querer To want Herir
To wound
Sentarse To sit Entender To understand Encender To turn on Despertarse To wake up Defender To defend Confesar To confess Mentir
To Lie
Preferir
To prefer
Sentir
To feel
- Change the "o" to "ue" in the stem. However, the subject "nosotros"
is conjugated as a regular verb. For example:
Here is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:Spanish
Spanish
English
Subject Infinitive: Poder
To be able
Yo
puedo
I am able
Tú puedes
You are able Usted/él/ella puede
You (formal)/He/She is able
Nosotros podemos
We are able
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas pueden
You (plural)/They are able
Spanish English
Contar To tell Almorzar To have breakfast Devolver To return Envolver To wrap Volver To return Encontrar To find Llover To rain Morder To bite Mover To move Oler To smell Poder To be able Volar To fly Probar To try Recordar To recall Soñar To dream Sonar To sound Dormir To sleep Morir To die - Change the "e" to "i" in the stem. However, the subject "nosotros" is conjugated as a
regular verb. For
example:
Here is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:Spanish
Spanish
English
Subject Infinitive: Pedir To ask
Yo
pido
I ask
Tú pides
You ask
Usted/él/ella pide
You (formal)/He/She asks
Nosotros pedimos
We ask Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas piden
You (plural)/They ask
Spanish English
Pedir To ask Perseguir To pursue Reír To laugh Repetir To repeat Vestir To dress Seguir To follow/to continue Servir To serve Sonreír To smile Construir To construct Destruir To destroy Concluir To conclude Diluir To dilute - For verbs that end in "cer"
change "c" to "zc" but only for the subject "yo". The other subjects are conjugated as a regular verb. For example:
Here is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:Spanish
Spanish
English
Subject Infinitive: Reconocer To recognize
Yo
reconozco
I recognize
Tú reconoces
You recognize Usted/él/ella reconoce
You (formal)/He/She recognize Nosotros reconocemos
We recognize Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas reconocen
You (plural) speak/They recognize
Spanish English
Aparecer
To appear
Conducir
To drive
Introducir
To introduce
Ofrecer
To offer
Reconocer
To recognize
Reducir
To reduce
- For verbs that end in "ger"
and "gir" change "g" to "j" but only for the subject "yo". The other subjects are is conjugated as a regular verb. For example:
Here is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:Spanish
Spanish
English
Subject Infinitive: Escoger To choose
Yo
escojo
I choose
Tú escoges
You choose Usted/él/ella escoge
You (formal)/He/She chooses Nosotros escogemos
We choose Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas escogen
You (plural) speak/They choose
Spanish English
Coger
To pick up
Escoger
To chose
Exigir
To demand
Dirigir
To direct
- For verbs that end in "eguir"
change "egu" to "ig" for the subject "yo" and to "igu" for "tú ", "usted/él/ella" and "ustedes/ellos/ellas". However, the subject "nosotros" is conjugated as a
regular verb. For example:
Here is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:Spanish
Spanish
English
Subject Infinitive: Seguir To follow
Yo
sigo
I follow
Tú sigues
You follow Usted/él/ella sigue
You (formal)/He/She follows
Nosotros seguimos
We follow Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas siguen
You (plural) speak/They follow
Spanish English
Conseguir
To get
Perseguir
To pursue
Seguir
To follow
- For verbs that end in "uir"
change "u" to "y". However, the subject "nosotros" is conjugated as a
regular verb. For example:
Here is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:Spanish
Spanish
English
Subject Infinitive: Instruir To instruct
Yo
instruyo
I instruct
Tú instruyes
You instruct Usted/él/ella instruye
You (formal)/He/She instructs
Nosotros instruimos
We instruct Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas instruyen
You (plural) speak/They instruct
Spanish English
Construir
To build
Destruir
To destroy
Instruir
To instruct
Fortunately, there aren't many irregular verbs. Unfortunately, some of the irregular verbs listed below are used frequently:
| Infinitive |
Yo |
Tú | Usted/él/ella | Nosotros | Ustedes/ellos/ellas |
|
| Saber (to know) |
Sé | Sabes |
Sabe |
Sabemos |
Saben |
|
| Estar
(to be) |
Estoy |
Estás |
Está | Estamox |
Están | |
| Ser (to be) |
Soy |
Eres |
Es |
Somos |
Son |
|
| Ir (to go) |
Voy |
Vas |
Va |
Vamos |
Van |
|
| Dar (to give) |
Doy |
Das |
Da |
Damos |
Dan |
|
| Caer (to
fall) |
Caigo |
Caes |
Cae |
Caemos |
Caen |
|
| Traer (to bring) |
Traigo |
Traes |
Trae |
Traemos |
Traen |
|
| Decir (to say) |
Digo |
Dices |
Dicen |
Decimos |
Dicen |
|
| Oír (to hear) |
Oigo |
Oyes |
Oye |
Oímos | Oyen |
|
| Hacer (to do) |
Hago |
Haces |
Hace |
Hacemos |
Hacen |
|
| Poner (to put) |
Pongo |
Pones |
Pone |
Ponemos |
Ponen |
|
| Salir (to leave) |
Salgo |
Sales |
Salen |
Salemos |
Salen |
|
| Tener (to have) |
Tengo |
Tienes |
Tiene |
Tenemos |
Tienen |
|
| Venir (to come) |
Vengo |
Vienes |
Viene |
Venimos |
Vienen |
| Spanish | English |
| Irregulares: | |
| Caber | To fit |
| Caer | To fall |
| Dar | To give |
| Hacer | To make |
| Poner | To put |
| Saber | To know |
| Salir | To leave |
| Traer | To bring |
| Valer | To be worth |
| Ver | To see |
| Decir | To say |
| Estar | To be |
| Ir | To go |
| Tener | To have |
| Venir | To come |
| Oír | To hear |
| Ser | To be |
| De cambio: | |
| Cerrar | To close |
| Calentar | To warm |
| Comenzar | To begin |
| Pensar | To think |
| Perder | To lose |
| Gobernar | To govern |
| Negar | To deny |
| Quebrar | To break |
| Querer | To want |
| Sentarse | To sit |
| Entender | To understand |
| Encender | To turn on |
| Despertarse | To wake up |
| Defender | To defend |
| Confesar | To confess |
| Contar | To tell |
| Almorzar | To have breakfast |
| Devolver | To return |
| Envolver | To wrap |
| Volver | To return |
| Encontrar | To find |
| Llover | To rain |
| Jugar | To play |
| Morder | To bite |
| Mover | To move |
| Oler | To smell |
| Poder | To be able |
| Volar | To fly |
| Probar | To try |
| Recordar | To recall |
| Soñar | To dream |
| Sonar | To sound |
| Acostarse | To go to bed |
| Acordarse | To agree |
| Mentir | To lie |
| Divertirse | To have fun |
| Preferir | To prefer |
| Sentir | To feel |
| Sentirse | To feel (sentiments) |
| Herir | To wound |
| Dormir | To sleep |
| Morir | To die |
| Pedir | To ask |
| Perseguir | To pursue |
| Reír | To laugh |
| Repetir | To repeat |
| Vestir | To dress |
| Vestirse | To dress oneself |
| Seguir | To follow/to continue |
| Servir | To serve |
| Sonreír | To smile |
| Construir | To construct |
| Destruir | To destroy |
| Concluir | To conclude |
| Diluir | To dilute |
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Español de Principiante I: Verbos de cambio e irregulares (en español)
Cuando los "verbos regulares" son conjugados, las terminaciones cambian y la primera parte (raíz o lema) no cambia. Cuando los "verbos de cambio" son conjugados la raíz cambia. La mayoría de los verbos de cambio siguen algunas reglas de conjugación, sin embargo hay algunos verbos que no siguen las mismas reglas cuando son conjugados y son llamados de "verbos irregulares."
Esta lección incluye información sobre:
- Verbos de Cambio
- Verbos Irregulares
- Vocabulário Relacionado
Afortunadamente, la mayoría de verbos de cambio siguen reglas cuando son conjugados.
- Cambie el "e" para "ie" en la raíz. Sin embargo, el sujeto "nosotros"
es conjugado como un verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta regla:Español Español Inglés Sujeto Infinitivo: Pensar To think
Yo
pienso
I think
Tú piensas
You think Usted/él/ella piensa
You (formal)/He/She thinks
Nosotros pensamos
We think Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas piensan
You (plural)/They think
Español Inglés Cerrar To close Calentar To warm Comenzar To begin Pensar To think Perder To lose Gobernar To govern Negar To deny Quebrar To break Querer To want Herir
To wound
Sentarse To sit Entender To understand Encender To turn on Despertarse To wake up Defender To defend Confesar To confess Mentir
To Lie
Preferir
To prefer
Sentir
To feel
- Cambie el "o" para "ue" en la raíz. Sin embargo, el sujeto "nosotros"
es conjugado como un verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta regla:Español Español Inglés Sujeto Infinitivo: Poder To be able Yo
puedo
I am able
Tú puedes
You are able Usted/él/ella puede
You (formal)/He/She is able
Nosotros podemos
We are able
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas pueden
You (plural)/They are able
Español Inglés Contar To tell Almorzar To have lunch Devolver To return Envolver To wrap Volver To return Encontrar To find Llover To rain Morder To bite Mover To move Oler To smell Poder To be able Volar To fly Probar To try Recordar To recall Soñar To dream Sonar To sound Dormir To sleep Morir To die - Cambie el "e" para "i" en la raíz. Sin embargo, el sujeto "nosotros"
es conjugado como un verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta regla:Español Español Inglés Sujeto Infinitivo: Pedir (to ask)
Yo
pido
I ask
Tú pides
You ask
Usted/él/ella pide
You (formal)/He/She asks
Nosotros pedimos
We ask Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas piden
You (plural)/They ask
Español Inglés Pedir To ask Perseguir To pursue Reír To laugh Repetir To repeat Vestir To dress Seguir To follow/to continue Servir To serve Sonreír To smile Construir To construct Destruir To destroy Concluir To conclude Diluir To dilute - Para los verbos que terminan
en "cer"
cambie "c" para "zc" pero solamente para el sujeto "yo". Los otros sujetos son conjugados como un verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta regla:Español Español Inglés Sujeto Infinitivo: Reconocer To recognize
Yo
reconozco
I recognize
Tú reconoces
You recognize Usted/él/ella reconoce
You (formal)/He/She recognize Nosotros reconocemos
We recognize Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas reconocen
You (plural) speak/They recognize
Español Inglés Aparecer
To appear
Conducir
To drive
Introducir
To introduce
Ofrecer
To offer
Reconocer
To recognize
Reducir
To reduce
- Para los verbos que terminan en "ger"
y "gir" cambie "g" para "j" pero solamente para el sujeto "yo". Los otros sujetos son conjugados como un verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta regla:Español Español Inglés Subject Infinitivo: Escoger To choose
Yo
escojo
I choose
Tú escoges
You choose Usted/él/ella escoge
You (formal)/He/She chooses Nosotros escogemos
We choose Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas escogen
You (plural) speak/They choose
Español Inglés Coger
To pick up
Escoger
To chose
Exigir
To demand
Dirigir
To direct
- Para los verbos que terminan en "eguir"
cambie "egu" para "ig" para el sujeto "yo" y para "igu" para "tú ", "usted/él/ella" y "ustedes/ellos/ellas". Sin
embargo, el sujeto "nosotros" es conjugado como un
verbo
regular. Por ejemplo:
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta regla:Español Español Inglés Sujeto Infinitivo: Seguir To follow
Yo
sigo
I follow
Tú sigues
You follow Usted/él/ella sigue
You (formal)/He/She follows
Nosotros seguimos
We follow Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas siguen
You (plural) speak/They follow
Español Inglés Conseguir
To get
Perseguir
To pursue
Seguir
To follow
- Para los verbos que terminan en "uir"
cambie "u" para "y". Sin embargo, el sujeto "nosotros" es conjugado como un
verbo
regular. Por ejemplo:
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta regla:Español Español Inglés Sujeto Infinitivo: Instruir To instruct
Yo
instruyo
I instruct
Tú instruyes
You instruct Usted/él/ella instruye
You (formal)/He/She instructs
Nosotros instruimos
We instruct Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas instruyen
You (plural) speak/They instruct
Español Inglés Construir
To build
Destruir
To destroy
Instruir
To instruct
Afortunadamente, no hay muchos verbos irregulares. Desgraciadamente, algunos de los verbos irregulares listados abajo son usados con frecuencia:
| Infinitivo |
Yo |
Tú | Usted/él/ella | Nosotros | Ustedes/ellos/ellas |
|
| Saber (to know) |
Sé | Sabes |
Sabe |
Sabemos |
Saben |
|
| Estar
(to be) |
Estoy |
Estás |
Está | Estamos |
Están | |
| Ser (to be) |
Soy |
Eres |
Es |
Somos |
Son |
|
| Ir (to go) |
Voy |
Vas |
Va |
Vamos |
Van |
|
| Dar (to give) |
Doy |
Das |
Da |
Damos |
Dan |
|
| Caer (to
fall) |
Caigo |
Caes |
Cae |
Caemos |
Caen |
|
| Traer (to bring) |
Traigo |
Traes |
Trae |
Traemos |
Traen |
|
| Decir (to say) |
Digo |
Dices |
Dicen |
Decimos |
Dicen |
|
| Oír (to hear) |
Oigo |
Oyes |
Oye |
Oímos | Oyen |
|
| Hacer (to do) |
Hago |
Haces |
Hace |
Hacemos |
Hacen |
|
| Poner (to put) |
Pongo |
Pones |
Pone |
Ponemos |
Ponen |
|
