Compound Tenses: preterit perfect, pluperfect, future and conditional perfect -Tiempos Compuestos: pretérito perfecto, pluscuam
Advanced II
47.
Compound
Tenses: preterit perfect, pluperfect, future and conditional perfect (English)
In order to form the
compound tenses, one uses the correct form of the verb haber + the
past participle.
This lesson includes information
on:
- Preterit (Present) Perfect
Tense
- Pluperfect Tense
- Future Perfect Tense
- Conditional Perfect Tense
1. Preterit (Present) Perfect Tense
The preterit (present)
perfect tense expresses:
a)
A
terminated action in the immediate past with no time specified. For example, He hecho mi tarea.
(I have done my homework.)
b)
An
action that continues or that is repeated in the present. For example, Yo ya he comido de ese pastel. (I have been eating that dessert.)
·
The
present tense of the verb haber is conjugated:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
He |
I have |
|
Tú |
Has |
You have |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Ha |
You
(formal)/He/She has |
|
Nosotros |
Hemos |
We have |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Han |
You
(plural) have/They have |
·
The
preterit (present) perfect tense is formed:
Present
tense of haber + past participle. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive |
Haber+past participle |
|
|
Yo |
Prestar |
He prestado |
I have
lent |
|
Tú |
Ver |
Has
visto |
You have
seen |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Visitar |
Ha visitado |
You have
visited |
|
Nosotros |
Hablar |
Hemos hablado |
We have
spoken |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Comer |
Han comido |
They have
eaten |
2. Pluperfect Tense
The pluperfect tense
expresses:
a)
An
action that happened before another action.
For example, Ella
ya había leído acerca de la cultura china cuando viajó. (She had already read about the
Chinese culture when she traveled.)
·
The
imperfect tense of the verb haber is conjugated:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
Había |
I had |
|
Tú |
Habías |
You had |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Había |
You
(formal)/He/She had |
|
Nosotros |
Habíamos |
We had |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Habían |
You
(plural) had/They had |
·
The
pluperfect tense is formed:
Imperfect
tense of haber + past participle. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
Había sido |
I had
been |
|
Tú |
Habías pagado |
You had
paid |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Había vivido |
He had
lived |
|
Nosotros |
Habíamos reunido |
We had
met |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Habían arreglado |
They had
fixed |
3. Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect
expresses:
a)
A
future that comes before another future.
For example, Ellos ya habrán visitado la playa para el
próximo fin de semana. (They will
already have visited the beach next weekend.)
b)
Probability
of a past action related with the present.
For example, Habrá
recibido buenas notas. (He will have
received good grades.)
·
The
future tense of haber
is conjugated:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
Habré |
I will
have |
|
Tú |
Habrás |
You will
have |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Habrá |
You (formal)/He/She
will have |
|
Nosotros |
Habrémos |
We will
have |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Habrán |
You
(plural) will have/They will have |
·
The
future perfect tense is formed:
Future
tense of haber + past participle. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
Habré jugado |
I will
have played |
|
Tú |
Habrás cocinado |
You will
have cooked |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Habrá bebido |
He will
have drunk |
|
Nosotros |
Habremos visto |
We will
have seen |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Habrán viajado |
They will
have traveled |
4. Conditional Perfect Tense
Conditional perfect
expresses:
a)
An
action that one thought had already happened in the past but that in reality
never happened. For example, Pensé que para ayer Juan ya habría llamado a
su madre. (I
thought that yesterday Juan would have already called his mom.)
b)
The
probability of a past action before another past action. For example, Pedro habría estudiado ayer por la tarde. (Peter would have studied
yesterday afternoon.)
·
The
conditional tense of the verb haber is conjugated:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
Habría |
I would
have |
|
Tú |
Habrías |
You would
have |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Habría |
You
(formal)/He/She would have |
|
Nosotros |
Habríamos |
We would
have |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Habrían |
You
(plural) would have/They would have |
·
The
conditional perfect tense is formed:
Conditional
tense of haber + past participle. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
Habría puesto |
I would
have put |
|
Tú |
Habrías dicho |
You would
have said |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Habría cantado |
He would
have sung |
|
Nosotros |
Habríamos escuchado |
We would
have listened |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Habrían llegado |
They
would have arrived |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47.
Tiempos Compuestos: pretérito perfecto,
pluscuamperfecto, futuro y condicional perfecto (en español)
Para formar los tiempos compuestos, se usa la
forma correcta de haber + el
participio pasado.
Esta lección incluye información sobre:
- Pretérito Perfecto
- Pluscuamperfecto
- Futuro Perfecto
- Condicional Perfecto
1. Pretérito Perfecto
Pretérito perfecto expresa:
a) Una acción terminada en el pasado inmediato. Por ejemplo, He hecho mi tarea.
b)
Una acción
que continúa o que se repite en el presente.
Por ejemplo, Yo ya
he comido de ese pastel.
·
El presente del verbo haber se conjuga:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
He |
I have |
|
Tú |
Has |
You have |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Ha |
You
(formal)/He/She has |
|
Nosotros |
Hemos |
We have |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Han |
You
(plural) have/They have |
·
El pretérito perfecto se forma:
Presente de haber + participio pasado. Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo |
Haber+participio pasado |
|
|
Yo |
Prestar |
He prestado |
I have
lent |
|
Tú |
Ver |
Has
visto |
You have
seen |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Visitar |
Ha visitado |
You have
visited |
|
Nosotros |
Hablar |
Hemos hablado |
We have
spoken |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Comer |
Han comido |
They have
eaten |
2. Pluscuamperfecto
Pluscuamperfecto expresa:
a)
Una acción
que sucedió antes de otra acción pasada.
Por ejemplo, Ella
ya había leído acerca de la cultura china cuando viajó.
·
El imperfecto del verbo haber se conjuga:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Haber |
To have |
|
Yo |
Había |
I had |
|
Tú |
Habías |
You had |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Había |
You
(formal)/He/She had |
|
Nosotros |
Habíamos |
We had |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Habían |
You
(plural) had/They had |
·
El pluscuamperfecto se forma:
El imperfecto de haber + participio pasado. Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Haber
(to have) |
To have |
|
Yo |
Había sido |
I had
been |
|
|
