Preterit Tense - Regular, Irregular, and Stem-Changing verbs - Pretérito Formación - Verbos Regulares, de Cambio, Irregulares
Intermediate I
21. Preterit Tense - Regular, Irregular, and Stem-Changing
Verbs (English)
When
"regular verbs" are conjugated the ending changes and the front part
(a.k.a. stem or root) doesn’t change. When
"stem-changing verbs" are conjugated the stem changes. Most
stem-changing verbs follow a few rules when conjugated, however, there are some
verbs that don't follow a consistent rule when they are conjugated, and these
are called, "irregular verbs". The verbs that change from “e” to “ie” and “o” to “ue” ending in “ar” and “er” are regular in the
preterit tense as are the verbs ending in “cer”.
This
lesson includes information on:
- Stem-Changing
Verbs
- Irregular Verbs
- Related
Vocabulary
1.
Stem-Changing Verbs
Fortunately,
most stem-changing verbs follow a few rules when they are conjugated.
- Change the "o" to
"u" in the stem but only for the subjects "Usted/él/ella"
and "Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas". The other subjects are conjugated as a
regular verb. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Dormir |
To
sleep |
|
Yo |
Dormí |
I
slept |
|
Tú |
Dormiste |
You
slept |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Durmió |
You
(formal)/He/She slept |
|
Nosotros |
Dormimos |
We
slept |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Durmieron |
You
(plural)/They slept |
Here
is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Dormir |
To
sleep |
|
Morir |
To
die |
- Change the "e"
to "i" in the stem but
only for the subjects "Usted/él/ella" and "Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas". The other subjects are conjugated as a
regular verb. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Pedir |
To
ask |
|
Yo |
Pedí |
I
asked |
|
Tú |
Pediste |
You
asked |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Pidió |
You
(formal)/He/She asked |
|
Nosotros |
Pedimos |
We
asked |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Pidieron |
You
(plural)/They asked |
Here
is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Mentir |
To
lie |
|
Reír |
To
laugh |
|
Sonreír |
To
smile |
|
Servir |
To
serve |
|
Seguir |
To
follow/to continue |
- For verbs that end in
"car" change "c" to "qu" but only for the subject "yo". The other subjects are conjugated as a
regular verb. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Buscar |
To
look for |
|
Yo |
Busqué |
I
looked for |
|
Tú |
Buscaste |
You
looked for |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Buscó |
You
(formal)/He/She looked for |
|
Nosotros |
Buscamos |
We
looked for |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Buscaron |
You
(plural) speak/They looked for |
Here
is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Colocar |
To
put in place |
|
Explicar |
To
explain |
|
Practicar |
To
practice |
|
Sacar |
To
take out |
|
Tocar |
To
touch |
- For verbs that end in "gar"
change the "g" to "gu"
but only for the subject "yo".
The other subjects are conjugated as a regular verb. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Llegar |
To
arrive |
|
Yo |
Llegué |
I
arrived |
|
Tú |
Llegaste |
You
arrived |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Llegó |
You
(formal)/He/She arrived |
|
Nosotros |
Llegamos |
We
arrived |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Llegaron |
You
(plural) speak/They arrived |
Here
is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Castigar |
To
punish |
|
Juzgar |
To
judge |
|
Pagar |
To
pay |
For
verbs that end in "zar" change the "z"
to "c" but only for the subject "yo".
The other subjects are conjugated as a regular verb. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Abrazar |
To
hug |
|
Yo |
Abracé |
I
hugged |
|
Tú |
Abraste |
You
hugged |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Abrazó |
You
(formal)/He/She hugged |
|
Nosotros |
Abramos |
We
hugged |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Abraron |
You
(plural) speak/They hugged |
Here
is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Abrazar |
To
hug |
|
Alcanzar |
To
reach |
|
Alzar |
To
raise |
|
Realizar |
To
realize (achieve a goal) |
|
Tropezar |
To
trip |
- For verbs that end in "uir" change the "i"
to "y" but only for the subjects "Usted/él/ella"
and "Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas". The other subjects are conjugated as a
regular verb. For example:
|
Spanish |
Spanish |
English |
|
Subject |
Infinitive: Construir |
To
construct |
|
Yo |
Construí |
I
constructed |
|
Tú |
Construiste |
You
constructed |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Constuyó |
You
(formal)/He/She constructed |
|
Nosotros |
Construimos |
We
constructed |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Construyeron |
You
(plural) speak/They constructed |
Here
is a list of stem-changing verbs that follow this rule:
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Destruir |
To
destroy |
|
Incluir |
To
include |
|
Huir |
To
flee |
|
Sustituir |
To
replace |
2.
Irregular Verbs
Fortunately,
there aren't many irregular verbs. Unfortunately, some of the irregular verbs
listed below are used frequently:
|
Infinitive |
|
Yo |
Tú |
Usted/él/ella |
Nosotros |
Ustedes/ellos/ellas |
|
Saber
(to
know) |
|
Supe |
Supiste |
Supo |
Supimos |
Supieron |
|
Estar (to be) |
|
Estuve |
Estuviste |
Estuvo |
Estuvimos |
Estuvieron |
|
Ser
(to
be) |
|
Fui |
Fuiste |
Fue |
Fuimos |
Fueron |
|
Ir (to go) |
|
Fui |
Fuiste |
Fue |
Fuimos |
Fueron |
|
Dar
(to
give) |
|
Di |
Diste |
Dio |
Dimos |
Dieron |
|
Traer
(to
bring) |
|
Traje |
Trajiste |
Trajo |
Trajimos |
Trajeron |
|
Decir (to say) |
|
Dije |
Dijiste |
Dijo |
Dijimos |
Dijeron |
|
Reducir (to reduce) |
|
Reduje |
Redujiste |
Redujo |
Redujimos |
Redujeron |
|
Hacer (to do) |
|
Hice |
Hiciste |
Hizo |
Hicimos |
Hicieron |
|
Poner (to put) |
|
Puse |
Pusiste |
Puso |
Pusimos |
Pusieron |
|
Poder (to be able) |
|
Pude |
Pudiste |
Pudo |
Pudimos |
Pudieron |
|
Caber
(to
fit) |
|
Cupe |
Cupiste |
Cupo |
Cupimos |
Cupieron |
|
Querer (to want) |
|
Quise |
Quisiste |
Quiso |
Quisimos |
Quisieron |
|
Tener (to have) |
|
Tuve |
Tuviste |
Tuvo |
Tuvimos |
Tuvieron |
|
Andar (to walk) |
|
Anduvo |
Anduviste |
Anduvo |
Anduvimos |
Anduvieron |
|
Venir (to come) |
|
Vine |
Viniste |
Vino |
Vinimos |
Vinieron |
These
Irregular Verbs change the "i" to "y"
but only for the subjects "Usted/él/ella" and "Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas".
The other subjects are conjugated as a regular verb. There is an accent over
the "i" for the subjects "Yo", "Tú" and
"Ustedes/ellos/ellas". For example:
|
Infinitive |
|
Yo |
Tú |
Usted/él/ella |
Nosotros |
Ustedes/ellos/ellas |
|
Caer (to fall) |
|
Caí |
Caíste |
Cayó |
Caímos |
Cayeron |
|
Creer (to believe) |
|
Creí |
Creíste |
Creyó |
Creímos |
Creyeron |
|
Leer (to read) |
|
Leí |
Leíste |
Leyó |
Leímos |
Leyeron |
|
Oír (to hear) |
|
Oí |
Oíste |
Oyó |
Oímos |
Oyeron |
3. Related
Vocabulary
|
Spanish |
English |
|
Andar |
To
walk |
|
Estar |
To
be |
|
Tener |
To
have |
|
Caber
|
To
fit |
|
Haber
|
To
have |
|
Poder |
To
be able to |
|
Poner |
To
put |
|
Saber |
To
know |
|
Querer |
To
want |
|
Venir |
To
come |
|
Decir |
To
say |
|
Producir |
To
produce |
|
Traer
|
To
bring |
|
Hacer |
To
make/do |
|
Dar
|
To
give |
|
Di |
I
gave |
|
Diste |
You
(informal) gave |
|
Dio |
You
(formal)/he/she gave |
|
Dimos |
We
gave |
|
Dieron |
You
(plural)/they gave |
|
Ser/Ir |
To
be/To go |
|
Fui |
I
was/I went |
|
Fuiste |
You
(informal) were/You went |
|
Fue |
You
(formal)/he/she (were) was/You/he/she went |
|
Fuimos |
We
were/We went |
|
Fueron |
You
(plural)/they were/You/They went |
|
De
cambio: |
Stem-changing |
|
Pedir |
To
ask for |
|
Yo pedí |
I
asked for |
|
Tú pediste |
You
asked for |
|
Él/ella/ud. pidió |
He/She/You asked for |
|
Nosotros pedimos |
We
asked for |
|
Ellos/ellas/uds. pidieron |
They/You
asked for |
|
Conseguir |
To
get/obtain |
|
Corregir |
To
correct |
|
Despedirse de |
To
say goodbye |
|
Despedir |
To
fire |
|
Elegir |
To
elect |
|
Medir |
To
measure |
|
Perseguir |
To
pursue |
|
Reír |
To
laugh |
|
Seguir |
To
continue/follow |
|
Sonreír |
To
smile |
|
Vestir(se) |
To
dress |
|
Repetir |
To
repeat |
|
Reñir |
To
scold |
|
Sentir(se) |
To
feel |
|
Morir(se) |
To
die |
|
Yo morí |
I
died |
|
Tú moriste |
You
died |
|
Él/ella/ud. murió |
He/she/you
died |
|
Nosotros morimos |
We
died |
|
Ellos/ellas/uds. murieron |
They/You
died |
|
Dormir(se) |
To
sleep |
|
Leer
|
To
read |
|
Yo leí |
I
read |
|
Tú leíste |
You
read |
|
Él/ella/ud. leyó |
He/she/you
read |
|
Nosotros leímos |
We
read |
|
Ellos/ellas/uds. leyeron |
They/You
read |
|
Creer |
To
believe |
|
Caer |
To
fall |
|
Poseer |
To
possess |
|
Oír |
To
hear |
|
Huír |
To
flee |
|
Construir |
To
construct |
|
Concluir |
To
conclude |
|
Destruir |
To
destroy |
|
Incluir |
To
include |
|
Buscar |
To
look for |
|
Yo busqué |
I
looked for |
|
Tú buscaste |
You
looked for |
|
Él/ella/ud. buscó |
He/she/you
looked for |
|
Nosotros buscamos |
We
looked for |
|
Ellos/Ellas/Uds. buscaron |
They/You
looked for |
|
Tocar |
To
touch/play |
|
Atacar |
To
attack |
|
Indicar |
To
indicate |
|
Sacar |
To
take |
|
Acercarse |
To
get close to/approach |
|
Publicar |
To
publish |
|
Arrancar |
To
start up/to pull up/to pick |
|
Pescar |
To
fish |
|
Equivocarse |
To
make a mistake |
|
Explicar |
To
explain |
|
Pagar |
To
pay |
|
Yo pagué |
I
paid |
|
Tú pagaste |
You
paid |
|
Él/ella/ud. pagó |
He/she/you
paid |
|
Nosotros pagamos |
We
paid |
|
Ellos/ellas/uds. pagaron |
They/You
paid |
|
Entregar |
To
turn in/to hand over |
|
Jugar |
To
play |
|
Negar |
To
deny |
|
Encargar |
To
order goods |
|
Encargarse de |
To
take charge of |
|
Llegar |
To
arrive |
|
Rogar |
To
beg |
|
Colgar |
To
hang |
|
Abrazar |
To
hug |
|
Yo abracé |
I
hugged |
|
Tú abrazaste |
You
hugged |
|
Él/ella/ud. abrazó |
He/she/you
hugged |
|
Nosotros abrazamos |
We
hugged |
|
Ellos/ellas/uds. abrazaron |
They/You
hugged |
|
Alcanzar |
To
reach |
|
Almorzar |
To
have lunch |
|
Empezar |
To
begin |
|
Comenzar |
To
begin |
|
Lanzar |
To
throw |
|
Rezar |
To
pray |
|
Amenazar |
To
threaten |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21.
Pretérito Formación - Verbos de Cambio e
Irregulares en Pretérito (en español)
Los verbos del presente “e” a “ie”
y “o” a “ue” terminados en “ar”
y “er” son regulares en el pretérito y también los
verbos terminados en “cer”. Los verbos irregulares
del pretérito no llevan tilde (acento escrito). Utilizan las terminaciones e,
iste, o, imos, ieron (eron). Los verbos con terminaciones de “zar” cambian “z” a
“c” en la primera persona singular, “gar” cambian “g” a “gu”,
y “car” cambian “c” a “qu”. Hay verbos terminados en
“ir” que cambian “e” a “i” y “o” a “u” en las terceras personas. También hay
verbos que cambian la terminación “ió” y “ieron” por “yó” y “yeron” en las terceras personas especialmente verbos con
doble vocal.
Esta lección incluye
- Verbos de Cambio de Raíz
- Verbos Irregulares
- Vocabulario Relacionado
1. Verbos de Cambio
Afortunadamente, la mayoría de verbos de cambio siguen
reglas cuando son conjugados.
- Cambie el "o" para "u" en la raíz
pero solamente para los sujetos "Usted/él/ella" y
"Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas". Los otros sujetos son conjugados como
verbos regulares. Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Dormir |
To sleep |
|
Yo |
Dormí |
I slept |
|
Tú |
Dormiste |
You slept |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Durmió |
You
(formal)/He/She slept |
|
Nosotros |
Dormimos |
We
slept |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Durmieron |
You
(plural)/They slept |
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta
regla:
|
Español |
Inglés |
|
Morir |
To
die |
- Cambie el "e" para "i" en la raíz
pero solamente para los sujetos "Usted/él/ella" y
"Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas". Los otros sujetos son conjugados como un
verbo regulare. Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Pedir |
To ask |
|
Yo |
Pedí |
I asked |
|
Tú |
Pediste |
You asked |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Pidió |
You
(formal)/He/She asked |
|
Nosotros |
Pedimos |
We
asked |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Pidieron |
You
(plural)/They asked |
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta
regla:
|
Español |
Inglés |
|
Mentir |
To
lie |
|
Reír |
To
laugh |
|
Sonreír |
To
smile |
|
Servir |
To
serve |
|
Seguir |
To
follow/to continue |
- Para verbos que terminan en "car" cambie "c"
para "qu" pero solamente para
el sujeto "yo". Los otros sujetos son conjugados como un
verbo regulare. Por ejemplo:
|
Español
|
Español
|
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Buscar |
To
look for |
|
Yo |
Busqué |
I
looked for |
|
Tú |
Buscaste |
You
looked for |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Buscó |
You
(formal)/He/She looked for |
|
Nosotros |
Buscamos |
We
looked for |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Buscaron |
You
(plural) speak/They looked for |
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta
regla:
|
Español |
Inglés |
|
Colocar |
To
put in place |
|
Explicar |
To
explain |
|
Practicar |
To
practice |
|
Sacar |
To
take out |
|
Tocar |
To
touch |
- Para verbos que terminan en "gar" cambie el "g"
para "gu" pero solamente
para el sujeto "yo". Los otros sujetos son conjugados
como un verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
|
Español
|
Español
|
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Llegar |
To
arrive |
|
Yo |
Llegué |
I
arrived |
|
Tú |
Llegaste |
You
arrived |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Llegó |
You
(formal)/He/She arrived |
|
Nosotros |
Llegamos |
We
arrived |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Llegaron |
You
(plural) speak/They arrived |
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta
regla:
|
Español |
Inglés |
|
Castigar |
To
punish |
|
Juzgar |
To
judge |
|
Pagar |
To
pay |
- Para verbos que terminan en "zar" cambie el "z"
para "c" pero solamente para el sujeto "yo".
Los otros sujetos son conjugados como un verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Abrazar |
To hug |
|
Yo |
Abracé |
I hugged |
|
Tú |
Abrazaste |
You
hugged |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Abrazó |
You
(formal)/He/She hugged |
|
Nosotros |
Abrazamos |
We
hugged |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Abrazaron |
You
(plural) speak/They hugged |
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta
regla:
|
Español |
Inglés |
|
Alcanzar |
To
reach |
|
Alzar |
To
raise |
|
Realizar |
To
realize (achieve a goal) |
|
Tropezar |
To
trip |
- Para verbos que terminan en "uir"
cambie el "i" para "y" pero solamente
para los sujetos "Usted/él/ella" y
"Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas". Los otros sujetos son conjugados como un
verbo regular. Por ejemplo:
|
Español |
Español |
Inglés |
|
Sujeto |
Infinitivo: Construir |
To construct |
|
Yo |
Construí |
I constructed |
|
Tú |
Construiste |
You
constructed |
|
Usted/él/ella |
Constuyó |
You
(formal)/He/She constructed |
|
Nosotros |
Construimos |
We
constructed |
|
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas |
Construyeron |
You
(plural) speak/They constructed |
Aquí hay una lista de verbos de cambio que siguen esta
regla:
|
Español |
Inglés |
|
Destruir |
To
destroy |
|
Incluir |
To
include |
|
Huir |
To
flee |
|
Sustituir |
To
replace |
2. Verbos Irregulares
Afortunadamente, no hay muchos verbos irregulares.
Desgraciadamente, algunos de los verbos irregulares listados abajo son usados
con frecuencia:
|
Infinitivo |
|
Yo |
Tú |
Usted/él/ella |
Nosotros |
Ustedes/ellos/ellas |
|
Saber (to
know) |
|
Supe |
Supiste |
Supo |
Supimos |
Supieron |
|
Estar (to be) |
|
Estuve |
Estuviste |
Estuvo |
Estuvimos |
Estuvieron |
|
Ser
(to
be) |
|
Fui |
Fuiste |
Fue |
Fuimos |
Fueron |
|
Ir (to go) |
|
Fui |
Fuiste |
Fue |
Fuimos |
Fueron |
|
Dar
(to
give) |
|
Di |
Diste |
Dio |
Dimos |
Dieron |
|
Traer
(to
bring) |
|
Traje |
Trajiste |
Trajo |
Trajimos |
Trajeron |
|
Decir (to say) |
|
Dije |
Dijiste |
Dijo |
Dijimos |
Dijeron |
|
Reducir (to reduce) |
|
Reduje |
Redujiste |
Redujo |
Redujimos |
Redujeron |
|
Hacer (to do) |
|
Hice |
Hiciste |
Hizo |
Hicimos |
Hicieron |
|
Poner (to put) |
|
Puse |
Pusiste |
Puso |
Pusimos |
Pusieron |
|
Poder (to be able) |
|
Pude |
Pudiste |
Pudo |
Pudimos |
Pudieron |
|
Caber
(to
fit) |
|
Cupe |
Cupiste |
Cupo |
Cupimos |
Cupieron |
|
Querer (to want) |
|
Quise |
Quisiste |
Quiso |
Quisimos |
Quisieron |
|
Tener (to have) |
|
Tuve |
Tuviste |
Tuvo |
Tuvimos |
Tuvieron |
|
Andar (to walk) |
|
Anduvo |
Anduviste |
Anduvo |
Anduvimos |
Anduvieron |
|
Venir (to come) |
|
Vine |
Viiste |
Vino |
Vinimos |
Vinieron |
Estes verbos irregulares cambian el "i" para "y"
pero solamente para los sujetos "Usted/él/ella" y
"Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas". Los otros sujetos son conjugados como un verbo
regular. Hay un acento sobre el "i" para los sujetos
"Yo", "Tú" y "Ustedes/ellos/ellas". Por ejemplo:
|
Infinitivo |
|
Yo |
Tú |
Usted/él/ella |
Nosotros |
Ustedes/ellos/ellas |
|
Caer (to
fall) |
|
Caí |
Caíste |
Cayó |
Caímos |
Cayeron |
|
Creer (to believe) |
|
Creí |
Creíste |
Creyó |
Creímos |
Creyeron |
|
Leer (to read) |
|
Leí |
Leíste |
Leyó |
Leímos |
Leyeron |
|
Oír (to hear) |
|
Oí |
Oíste |
Oyó |
Oímos |
Oyeron |