Learn Spanish

Business 07

Cardinal Numbers
Uno,[50] una 1 Dos 2 Tres 3
Cuatro 4 Cinco 5 Seis 6
Siete 7 Ocho 8 Nueve 9
Dieze 10
Once 11 Doce 12 Trece 13
Catorce 14 Quince 15 Diez y seis _or_ Dieciséis 16
Diez y siete _or_ Diecisiete 17 Diez y ocho _or_ Dieciocho 18 Diez y nueve _or_ Diecinueve 19
Veinte 20 Veinte y uno _or_ Veintiuno[51] 21 Veinte y dos _or_ Veintidós, 22, etc.
Treinta 30 Treinta y uno _or_ Treintiuno, 31, etc. Cuarenta 40
Cincuenta 50 Sesenta 60 Setenta 70
Ochenta 80 Noventa 90 Ciento[52] 100
Ciento y uno _or_ Cientiuno 101 Ciento y dos _or_ Cientidós, 102 etc. etc.
Ciento diez 110 Doscientos,-as 200 Trescientos,-as 300
Cuatrocientos,-as 400 Quinientos,-as 500 Seiscientos,-as 600
Setecientos,-as 700 Ochocientos,-as 800 Novecientos,-as 900
Mil 1,000 Dos mil, etc. 2,000 Cien[53] mil 100,000
Cien mil y uno 100,001 Cien mil y diez 100,010 Un millón 1,000,000
[Footnote 50: When immediately preceding a noun, "uno" becomes "un"]
[Footnote 51: "Ciento" becomes "cien." ("Cien" is found instead of
"ciento," even standing alone.)]
[Footnote 52: The duplicate forms are common to all the tens.]
[Footnote 53: "Ciento" drops the _to_ also before "mil"; and of course
before "millón" (a noun).]
The conjunction "and" is always used between tens and units, as--

Veinte y una or veintiuna manzanas (21 apples).

But it is generally omitted between hundreds and tens, as--

Doscientas treinta peras (230 pears).

"Ciento" and "mil" are not preceded by "uno" except in 101,000, 201,000,
etc., to avoid ambiguity, as--

Doscientos mil soldados (200,000 soldiers).
Doscientas y un mil millas (201,000 miles).

"One million inhabitants" is translated by Un millón _de_ habitantes.
(_Note_.--The _de_ cannot be omitted.)

In the case of more than one million the word "millón" must be
plural--millones, as--

Cien millones de hombres (one hundred million men).

As will have been observed, besides "uno," "doscientos," "trescientos,"
etc., change the _os_ into =as= for the feminine.

Future Tense, Indicative Mood
Haber.[54] Tener.[54] Ser.[54] Estar.
Habré (I shall have, etc., auxiliary, to be used with past participles) Tendré (I shall have, etc., denoting possession) Seré (I shall be, etc.) (See foot-note, Lesson IV.) Estaré (I shall be, etc.) (See foot-note, Lesson IV.)
Habrás Tendrás Serás Estarás
Habrá Tendrá Será Estará
Habremos Tendremos Seremos Estaremos
Habréis Tendréis Seréis Estaréis
Habrán Tendrán Serán Estarán
Conditional Mood
Habría (I should have, etc.) Tendría (I should have, etc.) Sería (I should be) Estaría (I should be)
Habrías Tendrías Serías Estarías
Habría Tendría Sería Estaría
Habríamos Tendríamos Seríamos Estaríamos
Habríais Tendríais Seríais Estaríais
Habrían Tendrían Serían Estarían
[Footnote 54: The Future Indic. and the Cond. mood of "Haber" and
"Tener" are formed irregularly from the Infinitive mood, the _e_ after
the root _Hab_ being dropped, and after the root _Ten_ being changed
to d.]
[Footnote 55: For reference only--
_Ser_ (and not _Estar_) must be used:

(1) Before nouns; (3) When denoting possession;
(2) When used impersonally; (4) Before Feliz, Infeliz, Rico,
Pobre.]

Vocabulary
acabar de - [56] to have justSound
almacén - warehouseSound
aprender - to learnSound
ayudar - to helpSound
bañar - to wet, to bathe, to waterSound
bicicleta - bicycleSound
certísimo - most certainSound
discípulo - pupilSound
disfrutar - to enjoySound
él es, ella es - [57] it isSound
ello (_neuter_) - [57] itSound
este (_m._) - thisSound
esta (_f._) - thisSound
esto (_neuter_) - [58] thisSound
estos (_m._) - theseSound
estas (_f._) - theseSound
la fecha - the dateSound
la gente - the peopleSound
hermosamente - beautifullySound
importancia - importanceSound
La India - IndiaSound
libre - freeSound
maestro - master, teacherSound
la mayor parte - most, the majoritySound
el mes - the monthSound
mismo - sameSound
novísimo - brand newSound
otro - other, anotherSound
el Sena - [59] River SeineSound
el Tajo - River TagusSound
el Támesis - River ThamesSound
también - also, tooSound
tienda - shopSound
ventaja - advantageSound
[Footnote 56: Followed by the verb in the infinitive mood, as Acabar de
escribir (to have just written).]
[Footnote 57: "It" (subject) is most generally left understood, as "It
is useful" (Él, ella, _or_ ello) es útil.]
[Footnote 58: Referring to a whole statement, as Esto _or_ ello es
justo. This or it (what you have just said) is right.]
[Footnote 59: Names of rivers are masculine because the word "río"
(river) is understood.]
Exercise 1 (11)
Translate into English--

1. La India es una posesión inglesa de grande importancia.

2. El Sena es un río de Francia[60] y el Támesis es un río de
Inglaterra.

3. Toledo, ciudad interesantísima de España bañada por el Tajo.

4. La mayor parte de estos Españoles comen en esta fonda.

5. Este año las tiendas están hermosamente decoradas.

6. Es certísimo que los almacenes y las tiendas de esta calle disfrutan
de grandes ventajas.

7. ¿De quién es esta regla? Es mía.

8. ¿En que fecha escribió V. la carta?

9. La escribí (I wrote it) ayer.

10. Juan acaba de comprar una bicicleta novísima.

11. Yo acabo de comprar cepillos de dientes y de cabello.

12. La criada compró esta mañana una escoba.

13. Necesitamos comprar manteca pero no la compramos porque no queremos
gastar dinero.

14. La mayor parte de la gente no quiere gastarlo (to spend it).

15. ¿Es bueno este vino?

16. Es muy bueno y también no es caro.

[Footnote 60: Names of countries should not take the article (the rule
is not very strict, however). EXCEPTIONS: La India, El Perú, El Japón
(Japan).]
Exercise 2 (12)
Translate into Spanish--

1. Foreigners in England enjoy many advantages.

2. Yes, because England is a free country.

3. Englishmen also enjoy the same advantages in other free countries.

4. Does the teacher help his pupils?

5. He does (Sí, Señor), but the pupils must study and learn their
lessons well and work diligently (diligentemente).[61]

6. This morning I was writing a letter when my sister spoke of the
bicycle (which [62]) she wants to buy.

7. Did you sell the muslins and prints (which) you bought last year (el
año pasado)?

8. The merchant has drawn a bill at three months' date for (por) the
velvets (which [62]) he sold to the Spanish customer.

9. Little and good is better than much and bad.

10. John is a partner in that firm (casa).

11. It is necessary to work.

12. This is George's beautiful garden.

13. It is a large garden with many flowers, roses, carnations, violets
and other plants (plantas).

14. Who is here?

15. Charles and Henry are here.

[Footnote 61: To form an adverb from an adjective add _mente_ as you add
"ly" in English. If the adjective changes for the feminine add _mente_
to the feminine form, as rico (_m._), rica (_f._)--ricamente (richly).]
[Footnote 62: Cannot be left understood in Spanish.]


Search for Language Schools by Country

      Search 123TeachMe:

login
home | about | language schools | help | site map | contact
Online Spanish Tutors: try for FREE. Click here for details.