Negative and Indefinite Words
Negative and Indefinite Words
A. NUNCA, NADA, NADIE
nunca
never una vez
once a veces
sometimes muchas veces
often siempre
always
nada
nothing algo
something cualquier cosa
anything todo
everything
nadie
nobody alguien
somebody cualquiera
anybody todo el mundo
everybody
• Negative pronouns and adverbs may precede the verb; but if they follow, the negative particle "no" must precede:
Nadie estudia geología. Nobody studies geology.
Nunca salimos. We never go out.
No quiero nada. I want nothing.
Aquí no hay nadie. There is no one here.
• Negatives do not cancel each other in Spanish:
Nunca mando nada a nadie. I never send anything to anyone.
No tengo dinero ni trabajo. I do not have money or a job.
No queremos nada. We want nothing.
• Spanish does not usually express "any" or "a" in negative expressions such as:
"I don't have any idea(s)" - no tengo idea(s) or "I don't need a car" no necesito coche.
B. NINGÚN, ALGÚN, CUALQUIER
Ningún tema es bueno. Algunos temas son buenos. Cualquier tema es bueno.
No topic is good. Some topics are good. Any topic is good
Ninguno/a (none, no) shortens to ningún before a masculine, singular noun. When it follows the verb, a double negative is required:
No hay ningún problema. There is no problem.
¿Tenéis amigos? No tenemos ninguno. Do you have any friends? We have none.
Ninguna sociedad es perfecta. No society is perfect.
Ninguno/a is never used with plural nouns (with some unimportant exceptions):
They have no relatives. No tienen ningún pariente. No tienen parientes.
There are no difficulties. No hay ninguna dificultad. No hay dificultades.
Alguno (some, any) shortens to algún before a masculine, singular noun, and varies in gender and number according to the noun it refers to: alguno, alguna, algunos, algunas:
¿Hay algún museo en la ciudad? Is there any museum in the city?
Necesito un taxi. ¿Ve Ud. alguno? I need a taxi. Do you see any?
Algunas sociedades son muy estrictas. Some societies are very strict.
Cualquiera (any at all) shortens to cualquier before any noun, and normally occurs in the singular:
Llámenme si hay cualquier problema. Call me if there are any problems.
Necesito un taxi. ¡Cualquiera! I need a taxi. Any one at all!
Cualquier sociedad tiene gobierno. Any society has some government.
C. (N)EITHER, (N)OR
ni nor o or
ni... ni... neither...nor o... o... either...or
tampoco neither, not...either también also, too
Ni (nor, not even) often translates into English "or" in negative sentences:
A esta hora no hay taxis ni buses. There are no taxis or buses at this time.
No queremos estudiar ni dormir. We don't want to study nor sleep.
Ni la mejor sociedad es perfecta. Not even the best society is perfect.
Ni siquiera is a stronger way to express "not even":
Nunca escribe, ni siquiera para Navidad. He never writes, not even for Christmas.
Ni...ni... is the Spanish equivalent for English "neither...nor...". Note the verb in plural when there's more than one subject, as well as the usual need of a negative word before the verb:
No tengo ni frío ni calor. I'm neither cold nor hot.
Ni Juan ni Pedro tienen hambre. Neither Juan nor Pedro is hungry.
In negative phrases, English "either...or..." translates into ni:
Está aquí sin familia ni amigos. He's here without either family or friends.
When no negative particles are involved, "either...or" tranlates into o:
Podemos ir a cine o ver la televisión. We can either go to a movie or watch television.
To emphasize compelling choices, o...o... may be used:
Tienes que elegir: o trabajas o estudias. You have to choose: either you work or you study.
Tampoco (neither, not...either) is used in any negative phrases as the opposite of también (also):
Quiere café y yo también. She wants some coffee and so do I.
No quiere café. Yo tampoco. She doesn't want any coffee. Neither do I.
No cantamos esta noche tampoco. We are not singing tonight either.
El jefe tampoco sabe la respuesta. The boss does not know the answer either.
Category: Study Spanish
