The verbs estar and ser are irregular in the present tense. The irregular forms of each verb are shown below.

estar (example sentences) (full conjugation)

			

				
 
				
 
				
 
			
			

				
yo
				
 estoy
				
(I am)
			
			

				
tú
				
 estás
				
(you are)
			
			

				
Ud./él/ella
				
 está
				
(you/he/she is)
			
			

				
nosotros (as)
				
 estamos
				
(we are)
			
			

				
vosotros (as)
				
 estáis
				
(you guys are)
			
			

				
Uds./ellos/ ellas
				
 están
				
(you all/they are)
			
		

ser (example sentences) (full conjugation)

			

				
 
				
 
				
 
			
			

				
yo
				
 soy
				
(I am)
			
			

				
tú
				
 eres
				
(you are)
			
			

				
Ud./él/ella
				
 es
				
(you/he/she is)
			
			

				
nosotros (as)
				
 somos
				
(we are)
			
			

				
vosotros (as)
				
 sois
				
(you guys are)
			
			

				
Uds./ellos/ ellas
				
 son
				
(you/they are)
			
		

Este río es muy ancho.
This river is very wide.

Hoy el agua del río está muy caliente.
Today the river's water is very warm.

Ser is often used to express the norm.

Estar expresses a departure from the norm.

José es una persona tranquila pero hoy está molesto.
Joe is a calm person but today he is upset.