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Learn Spanish Stem-changing Verbs

Learn Spanish Stem-changing Verbs

1. Stem changer verbs c -> qu
2. Stem changer verbs g -> gu
3. Stem changer verbs z -> c
4. Stem changer verbs c -> z
5. Stem changer verbs g -> j
6. Irregular Verbs for laughter and smiles

STEM CHANGERS C -> QU

* buscar, comunicar, explicar, indicar, sacar, tocar, etc.
* the first person preterit changes
buscar busqué
comunicar comuniqué
explicar expliqué
indicar indiqué
sacar saqué
tocar toqué
* The present subjunctive undergoes the same change
busque
busques
busque
busquemos
busquéis
busquen
* The third person singular subjunctive is shown
* And of course it is the same word as the first person singular subjunctive
buscar busque
comunicar comunique
explicar explique
indicar indique
sacar saque
tocar toque

STEM CHANGERS G -> GU

* llegar, navegar, negar, pagar
* First person preterit is effected
llegar llegué
navegar navegué
negar negué
pagar pagué
pegar pegué
* The present subjunctive also changes
llegue
llegues
llegue
lleguemos
lleguéis
lleguen
* Third person singular forms are shown
llegar llegue
navegar navegue
negar niegue
pagar pague
pegar pegue

STEM CHANGERS Z -> C

* abrazar, alcanzar, comenzar, cruzar, empezar, gozar
* The first person preterit changes
abrazar abracé
alcanzar alcancé
almorzar almorcé
alzar alcé
comenzar comencé
cruzar crucé
empezar empecé
gozar gocé
* Present Subjunctive
abrace
abraces
abrace
abracemos
abracéis
abracen

STEM CHANGER C -> Z

* convencer, ejercer, esparcir, fruncir, torcer, vencer, zurcir
convencer convenzo
ejercer ejerzo
esparcir esparzo
fruncir frunzo
torcer torzo
vencer venzo
zurcir zurzo
* Third person present subjunctive
convenza
convenzas
convenza
convenzamos
convenzáis
convenzan
* third person subjunctive examples
convencer convenza
ejercer ejerza
esparir esparza
fruncir frunza
torcer tuerza
zurcir zurza

STEM CHANGERS G -> J

* afligir, coger, corregir, dirigir, erigir, escoger, exigir, fingir, proteger, rugir
afligir aflijo
coger cojo
corregir corrijo
dirigir dirijo
erigir erijo
escoger escojo
exigir exijo
finger finjo
proteger protejo
rugir rujo

LAUGHTER AND SMILES

* The verbs 'to laugh' and 'to smile' have an accent on the 'i', so they are not true -ir verbs.
* sonreír- to smile
* reír- to laugh
* They have accent marks in the present indicative
* The 'e' disappears in four instances
* present indicative
río sonrío
ríes sonríes
ríe sonríe
reímos sonreímos
reís sonreís
ríen sonríen
* Preterit
sonreí reí
sonreíste reíste
sonrió rió
sonreímos reímos
sonreísteis reísteis
sonrieron rieron


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