Pregunta is “question” in the sense of one that is asked, e.g.:

• No tengo ninguna pregunta. - I have no questions.

Cuestión means “question” in the sense of an issue, a matter, or a topic.

• Mi sueldo es una cuestión que no te importa.
  My salary is a matter that doesn't concern you.

Pedir means “to request” or “to ask for”.

• Él pidió una computadora. He asked for a computer.

Preguntar means “to ask [a question] about”.

• Antes de que te vayas, quiero preguntarte una cosa más. - Before you leave, I want to ask you one more thing.

“To ask a question” is "hacer una pregunta".

• ¿Te molesta si te hago una pregunta?
  Will it bother you if I ask you a question?

Note that this is similar in meaning to "preguntar una cosa" or "preguntar algo":

• Ella pregunta algo a la maestra. - She asks something to the teacher.

Multiple adverbs ending in -mente. When two or more adverbs formed with -mente occur in a series, the -mente ending is removed from all but the last one. Note that the feminine form of the adjective remains.

• Ella habla lenta, clara y deliberadamente.
  She speaks slowly, clearly, and deliberately.

“Tonight” = Esta noche (“tonight”, “this night” or “this evening”).
“Last night” = Anoche.

• ¿Vas a ir al cine esta noche conmigo? - Will you go out with me tonight?
• Yo hice la tarea anoche. - I did the homework last night.

"Darse cuenta de" (algo) is the standard way of saying “to realize (something)”, that is, when that mental light bulb suddenly turns on.

• El profesor se dio cuenta de que yo era el único que estudiaba mucho. - The teacher realized that I was the only one that studied a lot.

Realizar is a real Spanish verb, but it means “to accomplish” or “to carry out”:

• Quisiera realizar este filme en España. - I would like to carry out this film in Spain.

“More than” is normally espressed by "más que"; "más de" is used before numbers. However, "no ... más" que is used to “only”.

• Usted viaja más que él. - You travel more than him.
• Hubo más de 50,000 espectadores - There were more than 50,000 spectators.
• No tengo más que dos perros. - I only have two dogs.

The basic meaning of conocer is “to be acquainted with” and thus may be used as “to know” persons or places, or “to be familiar” with [rather than “to know by heart”] something such as a literary work. In the preterit it can be equivalent of the word “met”, that is, “made the acquaintance of”.

• Yo no conozco a María. - I don't know María.
• ¿Ya conociste a mi hermano? - Did you meet my brother already?
• Sí, pero estuvimos contentos de conocer la cueva. - Yes, but we were happy to see the cave.
• Conozco San Salvador. - I've been to San Salvador.

Saber means “to know” a fact. It may also be used as “to know how to” when followed by an infinitive.

• Yo sé que tú vas a hacer el trabajo mañana si puedes. - I know you will do the job tomorrow if you can.
• Yo sé un poco de español. - I know a little bit of Spanish.
• No sabemos quién es el hombre sentado allí.
  We don't know who the fellow seated over there is.

Note that saber and not conocer is used in the third example —with quién— because the issue is knowledge of information, not of acquaintance.

Entrar means “to enter” or “to go [in]”; it must be used with a preposition —en or a— when followed by a place.

• Entramos en el Parque. - We entered the Park.
• ¿Quién entró en la tienda?
  Who entered the store?

Salir is the verb most frequently used to mean “to go out of” or “to leave” a physical place. When the place is added, the preposition de must be used. Note that salir may also be used to mean go out with someone as on a date.

• Yo salí de la reunión y volví a casa. - I left the meeting and went home.
• Mi jefe sale de la oficina a las siete.
  My boss leaves the office at 7:00.

• Ayer salimos con los chicos del Instituto. - Yesterday we went out with the boy from school.

The gerund (that is, the -ndo form) is used to express the idea of “by (do)-ing (something)”. (The preposition "por" plus the infinitive is not used in this way because it means “because of ... ing”.)

• Aprendemos escribiendo.
  We learn by writing.

“Because of ... -ing” or “for ... -ing” is often translated with "por" plus the infinitive; note that the past infinitive is frequently used if a previous action is indicated:

• Lo queremos por ser tan amable.
  We love him for being so kind [because of being so kind].

• Lo encarcelaron por haber robado a mi hermana.
  They robbed him for robbing my sister [because of having robbed my sister].

If the verb describing the action is in the preterit or imperfect, hace (present tense of hacer) is used. If the action is given using the past perfect tense, hacía (the imperfect) is used:

• Vi la película hace un mes.
  Hace un mes (que) vi la película.
  I saw the movie a month ago.

• Me había quejado hacía un año.
  I had complained a year earlier.

Hace + expression of time is used together with the present tense of a verb to indicate an action which began in past time but is viewed as continuing in the present time:

• Hace un mes que busco una casa nueva.
  Busco una casa nueva desde hace un mes.
  I've been looking for a new house for a month.

Note that if the hace clause may be used either before or after the main verb; if used afterwards, desde is inserted before hace.

The same construction, but using the imperfect —hacía + expression of time + a verb in the imperfect— is used to indicate an action which is continuing on in past time but which started at an earlier time.

• Hacía dos días que leías esa novela (la última vez que te vi).
  (La última vez que te vi) leías esa novela desde hacía dos días.
  The last time I saw you, you had been reading that book for two days.

Sólo is an adverb, a synonym for solamente, “only”. Solo (wihout the accent mark) is an adjective which means “alone”.

• Sólo queremos vivir en Indiana.
  We only want to live in Indiana.

  Queremos vivir solos en el campo.
  We want to live alone out in the country.